Influence of regulated water discharges on phytoplankton composition and biomass in a subtropical canal

Phytoplankton composition and biomass were investigated in the C-43 Canal in southwest Florida during a period of shifting discharges from water control structures. The canal receives regulated discharges from eutrophic Lake Okeechobee via the S77 structure. During periods of high S77 discharge in spring and early summer, cyanobacteria biomass dominated the phytoplankton community, including blooms of the harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Raphidiopsis raciborskii, Limnothrix redekei and Microcystis aeruginosa. During periods of low discharges from the lake, in mid-summer and autumn, water inputs to the canal came primarily from tributaries in the watershed surrounding the C-43. Phytoplankton biomass decreased, but the relative importance of dinoflagellates increased, including a bloom in July. The dinoflagellate community included Ceratium, Durinskia baltica, Glochidinium penardiforme, Gymnodinium fuscum, Parvodinium goslaviense, Parvodinium umbonatum/inconspicuum complex, Peridiniopsis quadridens, Woloszynskia reticulata, and an unidentified thecate and athecate species. D. baltica and P. goslaviense were recorded for the first time in Florida. Data was also obtained on water temperature, conductivity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total phosphorus, PO₄, discharge rates from water control structures, and water residence times. Results show that temporal shifts in the sources and rates of water inputs to the C-43 influence the character of environmental conditions that define phytoplankton composition and biomass in the canal. This suggests that management of discharges can play a role in mitigating HABs in the canal and downstream coastal environments receiving water from the canal.