Recent advances in synthesis and bio-applications of natural stabilizers for metal nanoparticles

Due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, the synthesis and application of metal nano-particles gained significant traction and a grip in industries and scientific fields or regions. However, the thermodynamic instability of metal nanoparticles poses or leads to challenges in their controlled synthesis and stabilization. To address this stability and the immobilization strategies, natural polymers such as cellulose, starch, alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid have been explored for their non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly characteristics. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to an increased focus on these natural polymer’s utilization as effective stabilizers for diverse metal nanoparticles. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in utilizing these natural polymers as stabilizers for metal nanoparticles. Synthesis methods, stabilization mechanisms, and applications spanning catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, and biomedical imaging are discussed. Challenges such as scalability and reproducibility are addressed, alongside future directions for research and development. In this review, our goal is to encourage continued research and creativity in sustainable nanomaterials. By doing so, we hope to advance the development of adaptable and environmentally friendly nanoparticles that find applications across various industries.