Genetic and Serological Survey of Sarcoptic Mange (Sarcoptes scabiei) in Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in South Korea

Sarcoptic mange, caused by <i>Sarcoptes scabiei</i>, has been reported in various wildlife species, with the potential to impact populations. While it has been documented in some wildlife species and domestic animals, it has not been previously reported in wild boars in South Korea. In March and April 2022, skin samples from nine wild boars and one raccoon dog with suspected sarcoptic mange were submitted to the NIWDC. These samples were tested and confirmed the presence of <i>S. scabiei</i> in six wild boars and one raccoon dog. Genetic analysis of the <i>cox-1</i> gene from mites indicated that the gene was identical and belonged to the same haplotype in both host species. Serological survey of 658 wild boars, collected from March 2022 to February 2023, revealed a nationwide seroprevalence of 5.47%. The highest seroprevalence was in Gyeongsangnam-do (9.82%); however, regional differences in seroprevalence across the country were not statistically significant, suggesting the disease may be endemic across South Korea. Seroprevalence was highest in spring (16.84%), likely due to increased contact during winter. This study provides fundamental data on the genetic characteristics and distribution of <i>S. scabiei</i> mites in South Korean wild boars, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance to prevent further spread.