Bilosome as a potential carrier for improving poor oral drug bioavailability

Solid oral dosage forms are widely used in the management of chronic diseases. They are preferred due to their ease of administration, affordability, stability, and accuracy in dose measurement. However, there are challenges with oral delivery due to a number of physiological and metabolic barriers that may impair therapeutic efficacy. Difficulties such as limited water solubility and biological membrane translocation can have a major impact on how well a drug is absorbed. The complexity of developing an oral dosage form is further compounded by considerations such as the drug stability, the impact of gastrointestinal pH, and interactions with metabolic enzymes and biological efflux mechanisms. One of the most important pharmacokinetic indicators of a drug's ability to achieve systemic availability after absorption is bioavailability. It is controlled by how well the drug dissolves and how well it passes through physiological barriers. The purpose of bilosomes, vesicular carriers composed of bile salts and nonionic surfactants, is to improve the administration of vaccinations and drugs. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can efficiently transport a range of pharmacological drugs, such as those with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic capabilities, as well as vaccines and bioactive molecules that target infectious organisms, due to their stability and malleability. For oral medications, bilosomal formulations exhibit higher delivery efficacy due to the complex and hostile environment of the GIT. This research evaluates the potential of bilosomes as a delivery system and highlights how they could be used to administer medications for diseases and viruses that affect the GIT.