One Health approach triggered by environmental contamination events

The global spread of emerging infectious diseases in the late 20th century contributed to the development of the One Health approach (OH). However, environmental issues were initially neglected by the OH agenda. This paper describes two case studies of environmental contamination in Italy that catalysed the integration of environmental health into OH practices. In the early 2000s, in the Susa Valley (Piedmont) and the Sacco Valley (Lazio), analyses of cow's milk revealed widespread chemical contamination. Monitoring campaigns, epidemiological studies and mitigation strategies saw the full collaboration of veterinary, medical and environmental institutions, effectively embodying the OH approach. The results of a SWOT analysis of these experiences indicate that strengthening institutional collaboration, proactive prevention strategies and transparent communication can significantly improve OH outcomes, ensuring a comprehensive response to environmental and health emergencies.