Nano-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer: Tumor Tissue Characteristics and Targeting

Cell mutations are the root cause of cancer. Mutated cells outgrow healthy ones, starving them of oxygen and nutrients as they proliferate. This condition is managed using a variety of approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, or a mix of these. Common treatment approaches are costly and do huge damage due to their energy-intensive and labor-intensive treatment cycles and their destruction of both healthy and sick cells. Cancer is one of the most difficult illnesses to treat. Much progress in the management of this illness has coincided with the growth of our understanding of it. Still, one of the therapeutic issues is the toxic effects of chemotherapy medications, which are typically seen as a result of their non-specific action. Inventions in drug delivery methods within the last 20 years have helped alleviate some of the chemotherapy-related issues. Nanoparticles comprising both organic and inorganic substances are part of these systems. While many of these systems are still in the pre-clinical phase, a few have broken into the pharmaceutical industry. Modern nanoparticles have solved the problem of drug-resistant cells and opened up a new area of cancer therapy; this articleexplores medication delivery to tumor tissue, a method that is more successful than traditional methods of drug delivery. HIGHLIGHTS Investigating Passive Targeting Using Leaky Tumor Capillary Networks. Investigating Passive targeting using tumor tissue environment. Investigating Targeting based on environmental acidity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT