Training improvement methods of ANN trajectory predictors in power systems

Abstract This paper proposes training improvement methods of artificial neural networks (ANN) trajectory predictors. First, a dynamic power system time‐series trajectory is split into several different segments to simplify the original ANN training problem. Moreover, the time‐derivative of the trajectory is included to obtain an augmented loss function. Compared to previous studies which mainly focused on increasing the prediction accuracy, the aim of these novel techniques is to reduce the computational burden where the ANN output performance is still acceptable. The effectiveness of the developed methods is validated based on the WSCC three‐machine nine‐bus and IEEE 39‐bus system models. The mean absolute error (MAE) and trajectory prediction results are analysed, in which the numbers of neurons, hidden layers, and training epochs are constrained during the ANN training process. Rotor‐angle difference between generators and the system frequency are investigated as the dynamic trajectories of the power system models. The approaches are revealed to be effective when the ANN architecture and epochs are constrained. The MAE results can be reduced by up to 65% in the power system models depending on the ANN hyperparameters and training epochs. The ANN training results can better reflect the original trajectory as well.