Proteomic Profile Regulated by the Immunomodulatory Jusvinza Drug in Neutrophils Isolated from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Jusvinza is an immunomodulatory drug composed of an altered peptide ligand (APL) designed from a novel CD4+ T cell epitope of human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), an autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The peptide induces regulatory T cells and decreases levels of TNF-α and IL-17; pre-clinical and phase I clinical studies support its use for the treatment of RA. This peptide was repositioned for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with signs of hyperinflammation. Neutrophils play a pathogenic role in both RA and severe forms of COVID-19. To add novel evidence about the mechanism of action of Jusvinza, the proteomic profile regulated by this peptide of neutrophils isolated from four RA patients was investigated using LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 149 proteins were found to be differentially modulated in neutrophils treated with Jusvinza. The proteomic profile regulated by Jusvinza is characterized by the presence of proteins related to RNA splicing, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and immune functions. In response to Jusvinza treatment, several proteins that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway were differentially modulated, supporting the peptide's anti-inflammatory effect. Proteins related to metabolic pathways that supply ATP for cellular functions or lipid metabolites with immunoregulatory properties were also identified. Additionally, several structural components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were decreased in Jusvinza-treated cells, supporting its impairment of this biological process. Of note, these findings were validated by in vitro experiments which confirmed that Jusvinza decreased NET formation. Such results provide evidence of the molecular mechanism of action and support the therapeutic potentialities of Jusvinza to treat other diseases characterized by hyperinflammation besides RA and COVID-19.