Orbital Cellulitis Unveils Hidden Leukemia: A Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Presenting as Orbital Cellulitis

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) typically presents with hematologic abnormalities and systemic symptoms, but an unusual presentation involving the eye has rarely been documented. We report a case of a 63 - year - old male, presenting with painful swelling, hemorrhage, and reduced vision of the left eye. Initial imaging and clinical evaluation suggested an infectious etiology, and the patient was treated with broad - spectrum antibiotics. However, despite aggressive therapy, his symptoms progressed, prompting further investigations. Flow cytometry with an advanced leukemia panel was done which was suggestive of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This case highlights the rare but important differential diagnosis of orbital cellulitis as a manifestation of underlying hematological malignancies, particularly AML. Early recognition and appropriate diagnostic workup are crucial for timely management and improving patient condition.