Predisposing factors for poor outcomes after intense pulsed light treatment for dry eye disease: A retrospective case-control study

<b>Purpose:</b> To evaluate the potential risk factors for poor dry eye disease (DED) outcomes after intense pulse light (IPL) treatment. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective case-control study was conducted, and patients who received IPL were enrolled. A total of 63 eyes were included in the present study after exclusion and were divided into a fair outcome group and a poor outcome group according to posttreatment improvements in DED-related signs and symptoms. The primary outcomes are the pretreatment parameters between the two groups. The Mann‒Whitney U test and generalized linear model were adopted to analyze the differences in pretreatment indices between the two groups. <b>Results:</b> Both the fluorescein stain results and the Schirmer II test results after IPL treatment were significantly better than those before IPL treatment (both P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the overall DED-related symptoms did not significantly improve after IPL treatment (P = 0.834). In terms of indicators of poor outcomes after IPL treatment, the rates of advanced age, female sex, previous refractive surgery, lower pretreatment noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and greater meibomian gland loss were significantly greater in the poor outcome group (all P < 0.05). Female sex and previous refractive surgery were associated with less improvement in DED-related symptoms (all P < 0.05), whereas advanced age, a lower pretreatment NITBUT and a higher meibomian gland loss rate were related to poor DED sign improvement (all P < 0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> The major limitations are the retrospective design, small study population, and absence of detailed posttreatment exams. In conclusion<b>,</b> old age, female sex, previous refractive surgery, a lower NITBUT, and a higher meibomian gland loss rate are associated with worse outcomes after IPL treatment.