MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LEYDIG TM3 CELLS INDUCED BY NEONICOTINOID ACETAMIPRID

Numerous studies demonstrate the vulnerability of the male reproductive system to various exogenous environmental factors, including agrochemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides. Acetamiprid, a widely used chlornicotinyl insecticide of a new generation, was developed as a safer alternative to harmful organophosphates and carbamates for controlling insect pests. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of acetamiprid on Leydig TM3 cells cultivated as three-dimensional (3D) cultures after prolonged repeated exposure. The 3D model was treated with acetamiprid in a concentration range of 4 to 500 µM. Morphological parameters, specifically the size and shape of the cell spheroids, were evaluated for up to 7 days. Using a Zeiss Z1 Observer automated inverted microscope and TissueFAXS software, the development of spheroids was monitored. Three separate iterations yielded the experimental findings. Microsoft Office 365 and GraphPad Prism 8.01 were used to process the results. The obtained results showed no statistically significant changes (P>0.05) in morphological parameters at any of the tested acetamiprid concentrations.