Impact of Digital Game-Based Learning on STEM education in primary schools: a meta-analysis of learning approaches

Enhancing learning outcomes in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) subjects for primary school students remains a challenge. This meta-analysis, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), explores Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) interventions as a potential solution. Eighteen empirical studies published from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed to identify effective DGBL approaches. Key factors examined include subject disciplines, control treatment, game type, platforms, and intervention duration. Findings reveal significant positive effects of DGBL interventions on learning outcomes, particularly in mathematics, language, and science. The study underscores the importance of optimizing gameplay design and platform choices for DGBL effectiveness and highlights the potential benefits of incorporating DGBL into primary STEM education. Future research should further investigate contributing factors like game genres, technologies, implementation strategies, and specific game components to promote optimal learning processes in diverse educational settings.