Comparison of Body Quality Composition, Including Phase Angle, in PostMyocardial Infarction Patients Qualified for Rehabilitation under the MC-AMI Program and Patients with Angina Pectoris

Background: In some diseases, such as heart failure, there is talk of an obesity paradox, as lower mortality is observed in patients with higher BMI. Both obesity and frailty syndrome are risk factors for adverse prognosis and treatment, including high mortality. Body composition analysis with electrical bioimpedance (BIA) appears to be a good method for assessing changes in patients after various cardiovascular incidents, as well as for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to evaluate the qualitative composition of the body (including but not limited to phase angle (PhA), visceral fat, and lean body mass) using BIA in post-MI patients qualified for rehabilitation under the Managed Care after Acute Myocardial Infarction (MC-AMI) program. The control group consisted of patients with suspected ischemic heart disease with symptoms of angina but without myocardial infarction. Methods: The project was conducted as a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 148 patients. The final study included 94 patients after revascularization for myocardial infarction and 54 patients with stable angina admitted electively to the Cardiology Department for coronary angiography. Results: The group of patients after myocardial infarction had statistically significantly higher values of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. The group of women after myocardial infarction had lower values for fat-free tissue mass and muscle mass in the trunk and limbs. No significant differences in PhA values were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: Learning more about the role of electrical bioimpedance brings much hope as a non-invasive method that can be used as a predictive marker of health change in cardiology.