A Numerical Study on Cloud Structure of Typical Summer Precipitation Process over Liupan Mountain Area

Using Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), four microphysical schemes (Lin, Goddard, WSM6 and Thompson) were applied for precipitation simulations over southern Ningxia on July 21st, 2024. The simulated results are used to analyze the impact of different microphysical schemes on summertime precipitation processes. The sensitivity experiments show the precipitation process simulated by WSM6 and Thompson schemes are closer to observed precipitation than Lin and Goddard schemes in Southern Ningxia mountainous areas. The evolution characteristics of the dynamic field, water vapor field, and microphysical structures of cloud structures are analyzed. In vertical direction, the cloud system in mountainous areas generally displays a structure of "catalysis-supply". The structure of water condensation in each layer of cloud is different, leading to differences in the contribution of various microphysical processes to precipitation. The super-cooled cloud water is the main source for rain water production. When cloud system grows upward, the abundant cloud water layer simultaneously enhances the microphysical processes within clouds. On the windward slope (eastern part) of the mountain, deep warm cloud layer will contribute to the development of warm cloud precipitation process, which leads to enhanced precipitation under the combined action of cold and warm clouds.