MODERN TRENDS IN GLOBAL ENERGY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND DECARBONIZATION

The article presents data from authoritative international organizations on the noticeable change in the planet's climate compared to the pre-industrial period. It is emphasized that in recent years, climate change has become especially intense. One of the results of climate change is the increase in the frequency and destructive effects of hurricanes in various parts of the planet, droughts and crop losses in agriculture, floods, and rising sea levels, which leads to large economic losses. An important area of decarbonization of the global economy is the production of electricity using climate-neutral energy sources. The article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the efficiency of traditional large nuclear reactors and small modular reactors (SMRs). Significant technological, environmental and economic advantages of SMRs are noted. A comprehensive model for the development of global energy in the context of decarbonization is proposed, which includes innovative areas: SMRs, large nuclear power plants, wind, solar energy and the use of biofuels.