Ecological Niches of Generalist and Specialist Plants in the Subalpine Conifer Habitats (Abies sp.) of Northeast Asia: From South Korea to the Manchurian Region of China

Herein, we explored the ecologic niches of generalist and specialist species within the subalpine vegetation zone, a habitat of Abies sp. distributed throughout South Korea and China. We included Abies sp. habitats in inland areas of South Korea and parts of the Manchurian region of China. Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim., Acer pseudosieboldianum (Pax) Kom., Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière, Betula ermanii Cham., Acer komarovii Pojark., Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., Betula davurica Pall., Betula costata Trautv., Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, and Sorbus commixta Hedl. were selected as generalist species. Betula chinensis Maxim., Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara, Euonymus pauciflorus Maxim., Salix maximowiczii Kom., Cornus walteri F.T. Wangerin, Carpinus laxiflora (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume, Populus davidiana Dode, Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr. & Maxim., Rhododendron brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don, and Larix olgensis var. koreana (Nakai) Nakai were selected as specialist species. NMS ordination analysis showed that specialist, generalist, and other plant species distribution correlated with basal area at breast height, stand density, and species diversity index. Generalist species could be grouped based on Quercus sp., Betula sp., and Acer sp. niche spaces. Specialist species shared ecological niches with plant species found in the limestone zone, sedimentary rock zone, and valley area.