Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Sources for Electric and Hydrogen Vehicles in Europe

The progress of the European Union in achieving its environmental and climate goals is being hampered by rising oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The EU transport sector remains heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which account for a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, and this figure is constantly rising. There are several alternatives that can replace traditional vehicles, but only two of them have no direct CO2 emissions and are among the best in terms of environmental friendliness: the battery electric vehicle and the fuel cell electric vehicle. This article analyses greenhouse gas emissions from existing electricity and hydrogen generation in the European Union by source. The authors compare emissions from different types of vehicles and show how changes in the country's energy mix affect these emissions. In the practical part, AFLEET is used to better compare the information obtained with each other.