Characterization and sustainable applications of galinsoga parviflora natural fibers: A pathway to eco-friendly material development

Highlights • 36.3% crystallinity and cellulose I dominance ensure strong mechanical properties. • 17.92 MPa tensile strength and 11.3 GPa modulus suit structural applications. • Antibacterial tests show up to 19 mm inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus. • SEM reveals fibrillation and 173-micron diameter, ideal for polymer matrix adhesion. • EDX shows 53% carbon, 41.3% oxygen, with potential effects on material interactions. This study investigates the potential of natural fibers extracted from Galinsoga parviflora as sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials, addressing the increasing demand for eco-friendly and biodegradable options in material science. The main objectives were to evaluate the structural, mechanical, and biological properties of these fibers, focusing on their applicability in structural composites. Driven by environmental sustainability, we performed a range of analyses including X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine crystallinity and cellulose structure, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups related to biodegradability, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine surface morphology and fiber dimensions. Key findings include a crystallinity index of 36.3% with cellulose I dominance, a tensile strength of 17.92 MPa, and a modulus of 11.3 GPa, indicating the fibers’ potential for structural applications. Elemental analysis using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) revealed a high carbon content (53.0%) and oxygen content (41.3%), along with trace elements that may enhance interaction in polymer matrices. Antibacterial testing demonstrated effective inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, with inhibition zones reaching up to 19 mm, comparable to streptomycin. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) further confirmed the fibers' biofilm disruption capabilities.Overall, the results highlight that G. parviflora fibers show significant promise as bio-based alternatives for sustainable material development, offering both mechanical strength and biological functionality for future eco-friendly technologies.