Research on Train Track Vibration Localization Method Based on Weak Light Grating Array Sensing

In railway transportation systems, existing localization schemes are easily affected by external environmental interference, leading to insufficient stability. To address these issues, this paper combines the characteristics of fiber Bragg gratings such as insulation, strong anti-interference capability, and corrosion resistance, and employs weak grating array technology to construct a piezoelectric ceramic testing system. The frequency response and phase amplitude of this system are verified. By setting up a field test environment, the localization effect of the weak grating array is validated. The test results indicate that the weak grating array encapsulated in the track can clearly perceive track vibrations and achieve vibration localization. In future research, this technology is expected to achieve functions such as train speed measurement, localization, foreign object intrusion detection, and track defect detection.