From Concrete to Forest: The Emotion-Altering Effects of Virtual Reality Environments

Modern urban residents face mental health issues due to limited exposure to nature. In this study, we attempt to achieve a connection with nature through virtual reality (VR). Three distinct VR modes were created: urban with car sounds, nature with forest sounds, and nature with soothing music. The participants experienced each VR mode, and their emotional responses were assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyography (EMG). The trend in the changes of PANAS may indicate that natural scenes can enhance positive emotions and reduce negative emotions. The EMG data showed significant declines in median and minimum frequencies, suggesting that the natural scene with soothing music has a relaxing effect.