Micro Core Networks Assessment in the Cloud-Native Beyond 5G/6G Mobile Network Operator Deployments Context

The concept of micro-cores is not new but was previously set aside in past network generations due to the logistical challenges of managing a huge number of physical units. However, with the shift towards software-defined core networks deployed on cloud computing infrastructures, a new level of flexibility in customizing network functions through software libraries and enhanced state sharing capabilities was reached. This change justifies a fresh analysis of micro-core networks, particularly for their scalability, increased overall system reliability and potential to simplify the management by removing most of the network heterogeneity. This paper reevaluates the micro-core concept in the current context by establishing an unbiased comparison with the traditional macro-core approach currently used in large operator networks. First, we introduce the concept and summarize the micro-core research conducted to date. Next, for solution feasibility, we present a minimal proof-of-concept implementation using Open5GCore and compare it against a macro-Open5GCore setup in terms of latency. Finally, we comprehensively compare existing macro-core deployments from a commercial perspective. These analyses conclude that micro-cores offer a viable alternative for mobile network operators, enabling them to deploy new functionalities and transition towards the 6G network environment.