E-Musyawarah: Innovative ADR for resolving administrative disputes outside the Court from the perspective of Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal system theory

The continuous development of administrative disputes has highlighted the need for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to resolve these disputes outside the court system in Indonesia. The concept of E-Musyawarah represents a form of ADR that offers new legal perspectives. The data collection method used in this research is secondary data obtained through library research, with the theoretical approach being Friedman’s legal system theory. The concept of E-Musyawarah as an ADR for resolving administrative disputes outside the court reflects the trend of utilizing information and communication technology to facilitate dispute resolution outside the judiciary. The resolution of E-Musyawarah is agreed upon with electronic signatures registered in the E-Court, giving them the same legal standing as decisions by the Administrative Court. However, this concept also faces legal challenges, particularly regarding legal equality