Increasing LoRa-like Physical Layer Capacity by Introducing Orthogonal Code

Currently, LoRa suffers from scalability issues, making it still far from a feasible option for LPWAN in large deployment scenarios. During Signal Transmission, no other signal employing the same Spreading Factor should be transmitted simultaneously, as this condition would render both signals unrecoverable. We proposed introducing orthogonal codes to the LoRa Physical layer. We demonstrated that the introduction of orthogonal codes significantly enhanced the signal recovery rate, achieving a Detection Error Rate (DER) of $\mathbf{9 9. 5 \%}$ for singledevice scenarios and maintaining robust performance with an $\mathbf{8 5. 3 3 \%}$ DER for two devices per SF.