ImageSI: Semantic Interaction for Deep Learning Image Projections

Semantic interaction (SI) in Dimension Reduction (DR) of images allows users to incorporate feedback through direct manipulation of the 2D positions of images. Through interaction, users specify a set of pairwise relationships that the DR should aim to capture. Existing methods for images incorporate feedback into the DR through feature weights on abstract embedding features. However, if the original embedding features do not suitably capture the users’ task then the DR cannot either. We propose ImageSI, an SI method for image DR that incorporates user feedback directly into the image model to update the underlying embeddings, rather than weighting them. In doing so, ImageSI ensures that the embeddings suitably capture the features necessary for the task so that the DR can subsequently organize images using those features. We present two variations of ImageSI using different loss functions - ${\text{ImageS}}{{\text{I}}_{{\text{MD}}{{\text{S}}^{ - 1}}}}$, which prioritizes the explicit pairwise relationships from the interaction and ImageSI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Triplet</inf>, which prioritizes clustering, using the interaction to define groups of images. Finally, we present a usage scenario and a simulation-based evaluation to demonstrate the utility of ImageSI and compare it to current methods.