Energy loss calculation and voltage profile improvement for the rehabilitation of 0.4 kV low voltage distribution network (LVDN)

In recent decades, electrical utilities have made significant advancements in Electrical Power Distribution Systems (EPDS). However, energy loss in distribution networks, particularly in 0.4kV systems, remains a critical challenge. It is increasingly essential for countries to review and update their power loss policies to deliver electrical energy to consumers at the most feasible and economical rates. The performance of Low Voltage Distribution Networks (LVDN) often falls short, resulting in high voltage fluctuations and significant energy losses for end consumers in 0.4kV systems. This research aims to address these issues by minimizing energy losses and enhancing the voltage profile of the 0.4kV distribution network. Various rehabilitation techniques have been employed to significantly improve the efficiency of the LVDN. Since most energy losses are directly associated with the LVDN, two 0.4kV distribution networks in the villages of New Kalyam and Upper Tharjial in the Mandra Sub-Division, under Islamabad Electricity Supply Corporation (IESCO), Pakistan, were selected as case studies. Field surveys were conducted in collaboration with the local utility staff to collect actual data. The analysis was performed using computer-aided tools, including the Computer-Aided Distribution Planning and Design (CADPAD) software and Energy Loss Reduction (ELR) programs. The proposed methodology is straightforward and practical. The case study results demonstrate significant improvements in the voltage profile and reductions in energy losses within the LVDN. These results have been validated and found to be within permissible standard limits, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed approach.