An analytical model for LoRa network under imperfect orthogonality

A simple yet accurate analytical model is presented that averages channel fading, path loss for each received signal, and the potential geographic location of interfering nodes in a LoRa network to calculate the probability of successful transmission with each spread factor (SF). Then, based on this information, the expression of network throughput is determined. The proposed model also considers network performance under intra-SF and inter-SF interference between nodes with the same and different SF. In addition, it can provide information for network design decision-making and scientifically evaluate different SF allocation schemes.