A regulação do mercado de carbono no Brasil e a criação de “créditos fantasmas”

Concern about environmental issues is not recent. Numerous studies confirm a direct link between human activities and the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, in 1997, during COP 3, the countries present created the Kyoto Protocol with the purpose of establishing targets for reducing GHG emissions. At this time, the Carbon Market emerged, where companies and governments have the opportunity to trade Carbon Credits as a way to offset GHG emissions. This article, therefore, aimed to examine the real effectiveness of the Carbon Market in Brazil and around the world. To achieve this, the hypothetical-deductive method was used, supported by a literature review and data analysis on the subject, as well as international and national regulatory instruments involving the Carbon Market, to understand the real impact of GHG projects. The specific objectives are: analysis of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement, structuring of the Carbon Market in Brazil, and practical paradigms related to the carbon market in Brazil. Research results indicate that there is currently no effective Carbon Market for reducing or sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and reducing deforestation of biomes, whether in Brazil or other countries. This is due to the numerous scattered laws that do not generate mandatory targets or a Cap-and-trade Market.