ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROBLEMS OF ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Today, the unified electric power system of Ukraine operates in extremely difficult conditions. The conditions of armed aggression create extremely difficult challenges, under which it is impossible to ensure the reliable and safe operation of the energy system. The most promising and significant factor in the transformation of the unified electric power system of Ukraine, which can improve the sustainability of its functioning, for now, is the fastest possible introduction of power stations and distributed generation with non-guaranteed power that uses renewable energy sources. The peculiarity of the situation is the lack of parallel input of regulatory capacities with appropriate characteristics and volumes, which significantly complicates the provision of normal functioning. Even under the conditions of the operation of the auxiliary services market, it is impossible to place reserves in volumes that would comply with the code of transmission systems on the existing working equipment. Therefore, at present, operational security limits are violated almost daily in terms of ensuring the necessary volumes of reserves, and power surpluses arising, including due to the priority participation of renewable energy sources in covering electric load schedules, cannot be eliminated by the means of the current electricity market implemented in the country All this is evidence that the electric power system already does not meet the requirements of generation compliance, and with the growth of power stations with non-guaranteed power, the problems of ensuring operational safety will become even more acute. The commissioning of 2 gigawatts of highly maneuverable generation capacities with a quick start (switching on from zero and output to nominal power within 15 minutes) and 2 gigawatts of fast-acting reserves based on electric energy storage systems will provide an opportunity to provide the electric power system with the necessary regulation reserves to meet compliance requirements in the future to 2030 year. Along with this, increasing the flexibility of the energy system does not provide an opportunity to solve the problem of long-term power surpluses. Its solution requires the implementation of power transfer systems from periods of electrical load schedules, where there is a surplus, to periods where there is a deficit – hydraulic storage power stations, power storage power stations, mechanical and other storage systems.