Design and Optimize a Quasi-Elliptical Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications

This study presents a novel elliptical microstrip antenna (EMSA) design method for enhanced bandwidth. The proposed EMSA offers versatile polarization control, generating both linear and circular polarization. Wider impedance bandwidths compared to some other patch antennas make it suitable for broadband communication. Its compact size facilitates integration into space-constrained devices. Additionally, it provides polarization diversity for MIMO systems, reducing signal fading. The fabricated EMSA, operating at 7.05 GHz, achieves a simulated bandwidth of 5.7% and a measured bandwidth of 4.28%. It exhibits a return loss of -42 dB, 50 Ω impedance matching, 8.57 dB radiation gain, and a VSWR of 1.016. Two bandwidth enhancement techniques were investigated: reducing the ground plane size and incorporating slots within the patch. The partial ground plane achieved simulated and measured bandwidth improvements of 146% and 167%, respectively. The slotted patch yielded 160% and 180% improvements, respectively.