Climate-smart agriculture in India: Greenhouse gas mitigation strategies

This review paper examines Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) as a crucial approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from India's agriculture sector. It analyzes various CSA practices implemented in India, focusing on their effectiveness in reducing emissions while enhancing food security and farmer livelihoods. The paper explores crop management techniques like improved varieties, nutrient management, and water management, alongside soil management practices such as conservation agriculture and agroforestry. Additionally, it delves into livestock management strategies, including improved feeding practices and manure management. The review highlights the role of government policies and programs in promoting CSA adoption, such as the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture and the Parampara at Krishi Vikas Yojana. Challenges hindering wider CSA adoption, including financial constraints, lack of awareness, and data gaps, are discussed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to address these challenges and leverage opportunities like strengthening extension services, promoting farmer-to-farmer learning, and utilizing technology to unlock the full potential of CSA in India.