Remote Sensing of Climatic Factors and the Spectral Reflectivity and their Impact on the Morphological Characteristics of the Al-Hammar Marsh

There has been increasing interest in monitoring land cover and identifying changes that occur like the multiple features that make up land cover, which have a direct and indirect impact on climate change due to the effect of global warming. The changes that occur in climatic factors have a direct impact on the contents of land cover and morphological features. Therefore, it was necessary to study the effect of these changes in climatic factors on morphological characteristics. The focus should be on water bodies that play a major role in preserving the biological elements that constitute the natural life included in our study in the southern marsh's region. Landsat 8 (OLI) satellite images were used to study this effect of the Al-Hammar Marsh area by employing remote sensing data and integrating it with climate data using the Geographic Information Systems program, version 10.5, and spectral analysis algorithms, to analyze the effect of climatic factors on the spectral reflectivity of morphological features. The impact of climatic factors on the morphological characteristics of the study area by integrating remote sensing data with climate data sets. Satellite images were used to capture the spectral reflectance of the morphological features of the study area, focusing on specific spectral bands that respond to changes in vegetation, water, and soil. Al-Hammar Marsh was chosen for its distinguished location in the middle of a large area in southern Iraq, which contains natural phenomena such as water bodies, ponds, and ponds that serve as water reservoirs, in addition to the biological elements spread in them, many organisms live, including humans. The main climatic factors, such as temperature and humidity, were identified, and their relationship with changes in morphological features was analyzed using spectroscopic techniques. The results were obtained from analyzing the spectral reflectivity data of the contents of the study area, there are clear changes. The spectral reflectivity, which is respectively for the SWIR band, the NIR band, and the green range of the features, which are respectively (clear water, turbid water, bare soil, wet soil, moss, orchards), and under the influence of fixed climatic factors, which are respectively (temperature, evaporation, precipitation. Therefore, the spectral changes were very clear, the monitoring land cover features concluded using the spectral reflectivity method is very clear and these techniques can be used by processing multispectral bands in the visible field. The infrared spectrum regulates the natural changes that occur.