Design and Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Millimetre-Wave Metamaterial Antenna for 5G Wireless Applications

The development of fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless technology necessitated advancements in antenna design to meet the highfrequency requirements and bandwidth demands of millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) communications. This research focused on the design and performance analysis of a reconfigurable mmWave antenna tailored for 5G applications, specifically targeting frequencies at 26, 28, and 30 GHz. Three single-band microstrip antennas were designed, simulated, and analysed based on fundamental antenna parameters, including return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, directivity, and gain. The proposed antenna features a reconfigurable mechanism utilizing diodes to switch between different operational states, thereby modifying the antenna's bandwidth and performance characteristics. Inductance of 0.5 nH and resistance of 1Ω as well as 1 MΩ resistance were used for both ON and OFF states, respectively. When the diode was activated (ON state), the antenna achieved a bandwidth of 2.56 GHz. Conversely, in the OFF state, the antenna provided a slightly reduced bandwidth of 2.23 GHz. This reconfigurability allowed the antenna to dynamically adapt to varying communication scenarios and frequency requirements, enhancing its versatility and effectiveness in 5G networks. The design incorporated metamaterial and precise design to ensure optimal performance across the specified frequency bands. Performance metrics, including return loss, gain, and radiation patterns, have been meticulously analysed to validate the antenna's suitability for high-speed, high-frequency 5G applications. Overall, the reconfigurable mmWave antenna demonstrated significant potential in improving the adaptability and efficiency of 5G wireless communication systems, offering robust performance across multiple key frequency bands with considerable bandwidths in both diode states.