A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL COHESION IN MUSCAT, OMAN

Social cohesion, which refers to connectedness and solidarity among groups in society, is crucial to achieving an inclusive and sustainable development. However, social cohesion is influenced by various factors that can be either physical or non-physical. Given the limited studies on promoting social cohesion in Oman, this research adopts a qualitative approach to identify those urban physical factors that influence social cohesion in the governorate of Muscat. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in relevant fields in Oman. By reviewing government initiatives aimed at enhancing social cohesion, this study highlights the importance of health and education infrastructure, community and open spaces, affordable housing, and walkable neighborhoods in promoting social interaction and cohesion. Through a thematic analysis, this study identified 31 codes and 8 themes, namely, 1) land use and connectivity, 2) community and open spaces, 3) activity centers, 4) affordable housing, 5) access to facilities, 6) porous boundaries, 7) health and education infrastructure, and 8) walkable neighborhoods. The findings of this study provide nuanced insights into the interplay between social cohesion and urban physical factors and offer valuable perspectives for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders involved in sustainable urban development in Muscat.