Developing Countries Disadvantages in Maintaining Open International Trading System

Why do developing countries insist on upholding the principle in the process of WTO reformthat developed and developing countries must maintain the equal discourse system? The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difficulties encountered by developing countries in protecting equivalent discourse system in the process of WTO reform, as well as the challenges in maintaining open trade. This paper provides evidence of three empirical cases. The first case is to study the phenomenon that market entry threshold is caused by the gap of comprehensive national strength proposed by Mexico in WTO and USMCA. The second case is based on the disturbance between China and the United States over enterprise subsidies and technology, which indicates that the political and economic competition between major powers has seriously restricted the opportunities for other developing countries to obtain international trade. The third case stems from the regular session of the WTO Dispute Settlement section. The United States rejected a proposal by 127 members to block the WTO from restarting the Appellate body and the justice selection process, which can explore why the equivalent discourse system supported by developing countries is difficult to practice. This paper aims to analyze the above three challenges faced by developing countries in the process of maintaining the international trading scheme: the difficulty of market development, inter-state competition, and the difficulty of practicing the equal discourse system. Based on this, it puts forward the achievable path of how developing countries could better acquire open and multilateral trade.