Anti-inflammatory effect of <i>Styrax japonicus</i> callus extract using biorenovation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

The study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Styrax japonicus callus induced through biorenovation, after applying biorenovation techniques to the callus, followed by inducing inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide.When comparing Styrax japonicus and Styrax japonicus biorenovation product, it was confirmed that there was no cellular toxicity at measured concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 g/mL, while the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE 2 ) was inhibited at the same concentrations.Furthermore, through dosedependent inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, it was demonstrated that NO and PGE 2 were downregulated.The significant suppression of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 also suggests the potential of Styrax japonicus callus to exhibit higher anti-inflammatory activity compared to conventional extracts through biorenovation-induced bioconversion, indicating its potential as an effective anti-inflammatory material.