Bio-Exploration of Plant Growth-Promoting Fungus <i>Trichoderma</i> as a Potent Candidate for Plant Disease Management: An Overview

Chemical pesticides are widely used to control plant diseases, but their widespread use can have a detrimental impact on the environment and human health. This has led researchers and growers to seek out alternative solutions. One promising approach is the use of the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungus (PGPF) Trichoderma spp. as a biological control agent. This method is effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable, reducing the incidence and severity of plant diseases while enhancing crop production. Trichoderma works in several ways to combat pathogens, including through mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, plant growth promotion, and stimulation of pathogen defenses. Various formulations of Trichoderma have shown potential as bio-fungicides and plant growth stimulants. Additionally, secondary metabolites from Trichoderma spp. have been found to have potent antimicrobial properties against various phytopathogens. This chapter provides an overview of the potential and mechanisms of action of Trichoderma in controlling plant diseases. It is intended to be a helpful resource for those seeking an alternative to chemical fungicides for managing plant diseases.