Towards a More Holistic and Pluralistic Critical Systems Thinking: The Dimension of ‘Hé’ (和)

ABSTRACT This paper is dedicated to the pioneering work of Mike Jackson, a prominent figure in systems thinking. His enduring commitment to philosophical inquiry and holism has been pivotal in shaping critical systems thinking (CST). This paper emphasises Jackson's insights into addressing the complexities of the VUCA world. It examines the significant influence of Western philosophy on CST, highlighting the need for a balanced approach to pluralism. In challenging Jackson's recent endorsement of ‘discordant pluralism’ and his shift toward a ‘pragmatist turn’, the paper argues that these positions diverge from CST's foundational principles of holism. As an alternative, the paper advocates for exploring the concept of ‘Hé’ (和) from Eastern, particularly Chinese, philosophical traditions, which promotes harmony, diversity and unity within the framework of CST. The paper argues that ‘Hé’ (和) can enrich CST's capacity to cultivate a holistic and pluralistic perspective, ultimately fostering self‐reflexivity as a crucial pathway for navigating the complexities of our contemporary world.