Application Status and Development Trends of Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology is an efficient and cost-effective method for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Given the current reliance on fossil fuels by people, this method can be applied in factories and areas of human activity that emit substantial amounts of CO2. This article introduces advanced carbon capture methods in various fields such as industry, ecosystems, and urban areas. Considering CCS technology from the perspectives of cost, efficiency, advantages, and limitations, it explores future development directions of carbon capture technologies in different sectors. This article introduces three different CCS technologies: Direct Air Capture, Bio Energy Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), and Oxy-fuel Combustion. Research and discussions on Direct Air Capture indicate that its main advantage lies in its convenience and high compatibility with various environments compared to other main CCS technologies. It can directly reduce atmospheric CO2 levels through chemical methods, although there is still a need to enhance the adsorption efficiency of adsorbents. As an ecosystem-based CCS technology, Bio Energy Carbon Capture and Storage continues to play a significant role currently, and its principles of carbon capture are being applied in urban spaces using BECCS technology, with sustainability being the reason for its widespread application. Oxy-fuel combustion is used mainly in the industrial sector to rapidly and efficiently address the substantial CO2 emissions from industrial activities. The article elucidates the opportunities and challenges that future carbon capture technologies will encounter.