Pathways in Biomimicry to Enhance Solar Technology Capabilities

Efficiency, longevity, and cost-effectiveness in current solar modules are compromised in pursuit of best balancing one another. This report explores the potential of enhancing solar cell practicability through biomimicry. Like solar cells, biological organisms absorb heat during photosynthesis, positioning nature as an inherent source of inspiration to tackle current technological challenges. Significant improvements have been achieved by mimicking structures such as the leaf epidermis for multidirectional light capture, cell membranes for protective encapsulation, and butterfly wings for enhanced light absorption and reflection. For instance, incorporating a BT layer for thermoregulation mimics plant transpiration, enhancing cooling efficiency. Additionally, hierarchical structures inspired by leaf geometry increases angular robustness in both dye-sensitized solar cells and passive emitter and rear cells, and lipid biomolecule interactions shelter halide perovskites from environmental degradation. The nanostructures of butterfly wings also show promise in supporting thin film PVs to overcome conversion inefficiency. Lastly, the reflective properties of butterfly wings have led to advancements in solar concentrators, improving power-to-weight ratios. These examples highlight the untapped potential of biomimicry in furthering the viability and deployment of solar technologies.