Epidemiology, immune response and clinical management of infectious mononucleosis

<p indent="0mm">Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a benign, self-limiting disease caused by primary EBV infection, with a high incidence worldwide. IM has a relatively long incubation period, and its typical clinical “triad” includes fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy, often accompanied by symptoms such as liver dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, and rash. The diagnosis of IM requires a combination of clinical presentation and laboratory evidence of primary EBV infection. Currently, the treatment of clinical IM primarily focuses on symptomatic support, as antiviral therapy does not yield significant clinical effects. This article systematically summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis, as well as treatment and prognosis of IM, and provides guidance for the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and management of IM.