Lifespan Extension and Motor Function Improvement Effects of Whale Meat Extract in Caenorhabditis elegans

The average life expectancy is increasing worldwide, but the same cannot be said for a healthy life expectancy (defined as the period during which a person can live a healthy and independent life). Therefore, a major challenge is how to extend healthy life expectancy. One option is to reduce age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and cognitive decline. Since there is no specific cure for frailty, the prevention of frailty based on nutrition and exercise is a new approach to achieve healthy longevity. Studies have shown that interventions combining nutritional supplements and exercise are effective in improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and walking speed. Thus, the search for drugs and functional foods to combat frailty has attracted researchers' attention. Whale meat extract (WME) contains many imidazole dipeptides, especially the unique component balenine, which has various functional anti-fatigue and antioxidant properties, and hypermobility effects. Here, we investigated the effects of WME on the aging and health of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (hereafter, <i>C. elegans</i>). mRNA expression analysis showed that WME prolongs the lifespan of <i>C. elegans</i> mainly through <i>sir-2.1</i>, <i>daf-2</i>, and <i>daf-16</i>, and the <i>myo-3</i>, <i>unc-54</i>, <i>unc-22</i>, and <i>fhod-1</i> genes involved in locomotor function. The results of this study showed that the expression of the antioxidant enzymes <i>sod-2</i> and <i>sod-3</i> was also increased. This study may provide the basis for further research on WME as a food and supplement to slow aging and improve motor function.