Evaluating the Influence of Sewage Pollution on Pond Water Quality and Ecosystem Health

This chapter reviews the impact of sewage waste contamination on pond water, focusing on physico-chemical and biological parameters. Historical studies highlight early research on water quality and its effects on aquatic life, with significant work from California and England. Recent findings reveal that pond water often exceeds permissible limits for parameters such as pH, BOD, COD, and TDS, necessitating treatment or dilution. Studies on phytoplankton demonstrate their role in nutrient recovery and wastewater treatment, while heavy metal contamination poses risks to microbial activity and aquatic health. Additionally, ecological risk assessments of urban stormwater ponds emphasize their role in managing urban runoff but also underscore the need for effective pollution control strategies.