Occupational accidents with exposure to biological material in nursing professionals - a cross-sectional study

Nursing professionals are exposed to various occupational hazards of a biological, chemical, physical, and ergonomic nature, posing a serious threat to their health. In clinical practice, biological risk involving contact with blood, tissue, or other potentially infectious bodily fluids, is one of the most frequent occupational hazards. Our study aims to explore the level of exposure to biological hazards in nursing staff and the identification of the risk factors for injured nursing personnel. A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted in "Xhaferr Kongoli" Hospital Center, (Elbasan, Albania) involving 188 nurses from all hospital units. This study showed that 93% have been exposed to biological accidents at least once during their career, their features and reports were examined. It was evident that women (OR=2.3), who performed their activity in the pathology department (OR=0.04) and dialysis department (OR=0.07) and who had contact with biological materials such as blood, were considered as the main factors of multiple biological accidents. Regarding the incorrect reporting of biological accidents, it was observed that the main risk factor was Knowledge Source Serology (OR=0.027). In this study, the personal and employment characteristics of the nurses can be considered as risk factors that favor biological accidents among nurses. Preventive measures should be taken to minimize exposure to biological risks, such as the implementation of informational and training programs to increase awareness of the importance of standard precautions. In conclusion, the findings from our study on occupational accidents highlight a critical area of ​​concern within the healthcare sector in Albania. By implementing comprehensive reporting systems, enhancing training on biosafety practices, conducting regular risk assessments, and investing in high-quality personal protective equipment (PPE), healthcare facilities can significantly reduce the incidence of biological accidents.