The relationship between kidney function and peripheral artery diseases in patients with metabolic syndrome in a resource limited setup: a retrospective record review

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors and has an impact on the prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). We aimed to investigate the association between CKD and peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) in MetS patients.Patients and Methods: This retrospective record review was performed among patients with and without MetS over seven months. MetS was defined according to NCEP ATPIII criteria, PAD was diagnosed by an anklebrachial index (ABI) <0.9 and confirmed by angiography. Subjects were categorized on the basis of estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The ANOVA test was applied to compare the three classes of eGFR. Boxplots were used to compare kidney biological parameters between males and females, MetS abnormalities and association of PAD with CKD.Results: From 342 patients, 56.40% were females, 77.8% with MetS, and 17.3% with PAD, 79.9% diabetics, 50.9% hypertensives, and 37.1% with dyslipidemia. The mean age was 61.56±17.30 years. Significant differences (p<0.05) were highlighted for age, anthropometric characteristics, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, PAD, family history and biochemical parameters. High levels of uric acid, albuminemia, micro-albuminuria and caliciumia in MetS patients were observed in both genders. These parameters increased with number of MetS components. CRP levels and lipid profile were significantly higher (p<0.05) in CKD patients. The prevalence of PAD in patients without CKD was 10.16% vs. 47.45 % in subjects with CKD.Conclusion: The coexistence of CKD and PAD was associated with MetS abnormalities and an inflammatory state, suggesting that the control of metabolic disorders may form part of the preventive measures for PAD and CKD.