Profile of secondary glaucoma in a resource-limited setup: institution-based cross- sectional study

Background: Prevalence and types of secondary glaucoma varies between countries. This study aims to determine the current clinical profile, proportion, and causes of various types of secondary glaucoma in newly diagnosed glaucoma patients at Menelik II Specialized Hospital.Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a glaucoma clinic between May 1 and July 31, 2022. All newly diagnosed secondary glaucoma patients aged 18 years and above were included. A structured questionnaire comprising socio-demographic data, history, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slitlamp, gonioscopy, fundus examination findings, and finally, the diagnosis was used. Data management and analysis were done using SPSS version 26.Results: Four hundred forty-nine newly diagnosed glaucoma patients visited the clinic during the study period. One hundred seventy-three (38.53%) patients were diagnosed to have secondary glaucoma. The leading causes of secondary glaucoma were found to be Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (75.5%), followed by neovascular glaucoma (7%), uveitic glaucoma (6.7%), lens-induced glaucoma (5%), and miscellaneous causes (5.7%). Secondary glaucoma was a significant cause of visual morbidity, with 57.04% of eyes presenting with best corrected visual acuity of < 6/60, intraocular pressure > 30 mmHg in 45.3% of eyes, and 61.74% with a cup-to-disc ratio of ≥0.7.Conclusion: The leading causes of secondary glaucoma were found to be Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (75.5%), followed by neovascular glaucoma (7%), uveitic glaucoma (6.7%), lens-induced glaucoma (5%), and miscellaneous causes (5.7%). Secondary glaucoma is a significant cause of visual morbidity. Timely diagnosis and early and appropriate management are essential to prevent irreversible visual loss.