Enhancing immune response and disease resistance in Gangetic mystus (Mystus cavasius) through dietary synbiotic supplementation: A sustainable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture

This study investigates the impact of dietary synbiotic supplementation on immune response and disease resistance in Gangetic mystus ( Mystus cavasius ), presenting a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. Synbiotics, a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, were prepared using ingredients such as Mannan oligosaccharide (as a prebiotic), molasses, wheat bran, and a multi-strain probiotic blend. The experimental design involved administering varying levels of synbiotics (0 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 %) to fish over 45 days, followed by assessments of hematological parameters and responses to bacterial infections. Results demonstrated that synbiotic supplementation significantly enhanced red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, particularly in the 8 % treatment group, indicating improved oxygen transport and immune function. Differential WBC analysis revealed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes, suggesting a bolstered immune defense. Notably, fish receiving the 8 % synbiotic treatment exhibited complete survival against Aeromonas veronii infection, while control fish displayed high mortality rates. These findings underscore the potential of synbiotics to enhance fish health by promoting beneficial gut microbiota and stimulating immune responses, addressing the pressing concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. The results advocate for incorporating synbiotics into fish diets to improve health and resilience in aquaculture practices, emphasizing their role in sustainable food production and environmental protection.