The impact of tobacco on spermatogenesis: Recent findings and reproductive outcomes

The use of tobacco is widespread among men and poses a significant concern for reproductive health. This review synthesizes recent evidence on the impact of cigarette smoking on spermatogenesis, emphasizing its effects on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, and sperm DNA fragmentation, which contribute to infertility. Smoking is associated with increased oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in sperm, both of which impair fertility outcomes. By examining these adverse effects, this review underscores the importance of addressing tobacco use in male populations to mitigate infertility risks. Insights into the mechanisms of action and broader public health implications are provided.