X-Ray Hardening Preceding the Onset of SGR 1935+2154's Radio Pulsar Phase
Abstract Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields, frequently powering high-energy activity in X-rays. Pulsed radio emission following some X-ray outbursts has been detected, albeit its physical origin is unclear. It has long been speculated that the origin of magnetars’ radio signals is different from those from canonical pulsars, although convincing evidence is still lacking. Five months after magnetar SGR 1935+2154's X-ray outburst and its associated fast radio burst 20200428, a radio pulsar phase was discovered. Here we report the discovery of X-ray spectral hardening associated with the emergence of periodic radio pulsations from SGR 1935+2154 and a detailed analysis of the properties of the radio pulses. The observations suggest that radio emission originates from the outer magnetosphere of the magnetar, and the surface heating due to the bombardment of inward-going particles from the radio emission region is responsible for the observed X-ray spectral hardening.
Authors
- Jian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-9727)
- Chenhui Niu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6651-7799)
- J. L. Han (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9274-3092)
- M. Y. Ge (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-6638)
- Zhongyi Sun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-2177)
- Fang-Wu Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7824-4289)
- Youling Yue (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4415-2148)
- Jiarui Niu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-4191)
- Weiwei Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-4058)
- En‐Wei Liang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-733X)
- X. T. Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-6101)
- Chengjie Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4216-8090)
- Yabiao Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6592-8411)
- Mao Yuan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1874-0800)
- Yi Feng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0475-7479)
- D. J. Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-6106)
- Heng Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-8098)
- Weiyang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-8543)
- Diego F. Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-9065)
- Mingmin Chi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2650-4146)
- Jinchen Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-0091)
- Junshuo Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8586-3001)
- Yongkun Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-3546)
- Zhenye Gan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2431-1159)
- Zi-Gao Dai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-8585)
- D. K. Zhou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7420-9988)
- Long Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-7285)
- Yunsheng Wu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7462-1414)
- Lin Lın (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-5325)
- Bing Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-2524)
- Di Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-7661)
- Pei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-7159)
- Yidan Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7372-4160)
- Yuxi Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-598X)
- Chunfeng Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4327-711X)
- J. Fang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-6298)
- Yutong Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7249-2646)
- Wanjin Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5653-3787)
- Erbil Gügercinoğlu
- Chenchen Miao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-2190)
- Jinhuang Cao
Institutions
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Institute of Space Sciences (ES)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- Guangxi University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Yunnan University (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Tencent (China) (CN)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Yunnan Observatories (CN)
- Central China Normal University (CN)
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (ES)
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences (CN)
- National Space Science Center (CN)
- Zhejiang Lab (CN)
- Institute of High Energy Physics (CN)
- National Astronomical Observatories (CN)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Istanbul University (TR)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Published
- 2024-11-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad7c3f
- Citations
- 6
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.99
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China