Monodromy of Picard–Fuchs system for a family of K3 toric hypersurfaces and fixed points of the Hilbert modular group for $$\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt{2})$$
Abstract We solve the monodromy problem about the Picard–Fuchs system for the two-parameter family of the anticanonical hypersurfaces in the toric three-fold arising from a specific reflexive polytope. The members of the family are resolved to be K3 surfaces polarized by a lattice of signature (1, 17) with discriminant $$-8$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>8</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The Picard–Fuchs system consists of two hypergeometric differential equations of order 2 with the four-dimensional solution space. The independent variables are affine coordinates of the punctured weighted projective space $$\mathbb {P}(1,2,3)\hspace{1.111pt}{\setminus }\hspace{1.111pt}\{(1,0,0)\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which forms a moduli space of the family. We construct the isomorphism from $$\mathbb {P}(1,2,3)\hspace{1.111pt}{\setminus }\hspace{1.111pt}\{(1,0,0)\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>\</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> to the symmetric Hilbert modular orbifold $$\mathbb {H}^2/\langle \text {PSL}_2(\mathscr {O}_K),\tau _1\rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>PSL</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for $$K=\mathbb {Q}(\sqrt{2})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and its inverse as a triplet of symmetric Hilbert modular forms. Here (1, 0, 0) corresponds to the cusp. As the fundamental set of solutions, we take a set of series convergent near the cusp. We obtain the generators of the monodromy group in $$\text {GL}_4(\mathbb {Z})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>GL</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> by deforming the domains for the period integrals expressing the solutions. We construct the isomorphism from the monodromy group to $$\langle \text {PSL}_2(\mathscr {O}_K),\tau _1\rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⟨</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>PSL</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⟩</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Using the monodromy, we obtain fixed points of the Hilbert modular group $$\text {PSL}_2(\mathscr {O}_K)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>PSL</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and their respective isotropy groups, which are consistent with the results of the prior research taking an arithmetic approach.
Authors
- Toshimasa Ishige (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-6337)
Institutions
- Chiba University (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- European Journal of Mathematics
- Published
- 2024-11-29
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s40879-024-00774-w
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Algebraic Geometry and Number Theory
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.02
Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science