Levenberg-Marquardt-optimized neural network for rainfall forecasting

<p>Rainfall is a crucial meteorological indicator with applications in agriculture, aviation, and military. Forecasting is essential due to unpredictable environmental changes. Current methods use complex statistical models, which are timeconsuming. The present study is targeted for forecasting rainfall with the help of meteorological parameters, viz., temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and rain, using a specialized artificial intelligence (AI) method and real-time data captured over the study area. The weather station installed at KLE Dr. M. S. Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology in Karnataka, India, collects meteorological data. The models used were principal component regression (PCR) and Levenberg-Marquardt -optimized neural network (LMAONN). The Levenberg-Marquardt (LMA) backpropagation (BP) algorithm performed better than other BP algorithms. The coefficient of determination (R2) observed for the PCR and LMAONN models were 0.57 and 0.87, respectively. The LMAONN model provided a better fit for rainfall forecasting than the PCR model, with an index of agreement (IoA) of 0.96, indicating good forecasting.</p>